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You are here: manpages

NPM\-SCOPE

Section: (7)
Updated: December 2016
Index Return to Main Contents

NAME

npm-scope - Scoped packages

DESCRIPTION

All npm packages have a name. Some package names also have a scope. A scope follows the usual rules for package names (url-safe characters, no leading dots or underscores). When used in package names, preceded by an @-symbol and followed by a slash, e.g.

@somescope/somepackagename

Scopes are a way of grouping related packages together, and also affect a few things about the way npm treats the package. Scoped packages can be published and installed as of npm@2 and are supported by the primary npm registry. The npm client is backwards-compatible with un-scoped registries, so it can be used to work with scoped and un-scoped registries at the same time.

Installing scoped packages

Scoped packages are installed to a sub-folder of the regular installation folder, e.g. if your other packages are installed in node_modules/packagename, scoped modules will be in node_modules/@myorg/packagename. The scope folder (@myorg) is simply the name of the scope preceded by an @-symbol, and can contain any number of scoped packages. A scoped package is installed by referencing it by name, preceded by an @-symbol, in npm install:

npm install @myorg/mypackage

Or in package.json:

"dependencies": {
  "@myorg/mypackage": "^1.3.0"
}

Note that if the @-symbol is omitted in either case npm will instead attempt to install from GitHub; see npm help npm-install.

Requiring scoped packages

Because scoped packages are installed into a scope folder, you have to include the name of the scope when requiring them in your code, e.g.

require('@myorg/mypackage')

There is nothing special about the way Node treats scope folders, this is just specifying to require the module mypackage in the folder called @myorg.

Publishing scoped packages

Scoped packages can be published from the CLI as of npm@2 and can be published to any registry that supports them, including the primary npm registry. (As of 2015-04-19, and with npm 2.0 or better, the primary npm registry does support scoped packages) If you wish, you may associate a scope with a registry; see below.

Publishing public scoped packages to the primary npm registry

To publish a public scoped package, you must specify --access public with the initial publication. This will publish the package and set access to public as if you had run npm access public after publishing.

Publishing private scoped packages to the npm registry

To publish a private scoped package to the npm registry, you must have an npm Private Modules https://www.npmjs.com/private-modules account. You can then publish the module with npm publish or npm publish --access restricted, and it will be present in the npm registry, with restricted access. You can then change the access permissions, if desired, with npm access or on the npmjs.com website.

Associating a scope with a registry

Scopes can be associated with a separate registry. This allows you to seamlessly use a mix of packages from the primary npm registry and one or more private registries, such as npm Enterprise. You can associate a scope with a registry at login, e.g.

npm login --registry=http://reg.example.com --scope=@myco

Scopes have a many-to-one relationship with registries: one registry can host multiple scopes, but a scope only ever points to one registry. You can also associate a scope with a registry using npm config:

npm config set @myco:registry http://reg.example.com

Once a scope is associated with a registry, any npm install for a package with that scope will request packages from that registry instead. Any npm publish for a package name that contains the scope will be published to that registry instead.