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PORTAGE

Section: Portage (31)
Updated: May 2017
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NAME

portage - the heart of Gentoo

DESCRIPTION

The current portage code uses many different configuration files, most of which are unknown to users and normal developers. Here we will try to collect all the odds and ends so as to help users more effectively utilize portage. This is a reference only for files which do not already have a man page.

All files in the make.profile directory may be tweaked via parent profiles when using cascading profiles. For more info, please see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Profile_(Portage)

Note:: If you are looking for information on how to emerge something, please see emerge(1).

SYNOPSIS

/etc/portage/make.profile/ or /etc/make.profile/

site-specific overrides go in /etc/portage/profile/

deprecated
eapi
make.defaults
packages
packages.build
package.accept_keywords
package.bashrc
package.keywords
package.mask
package.provided
package.unmask
package.use
package.use.force
package.use.mask
package.use.stable.force
package.use.stable.mask
parent
profile.bashrc
soname.provided
use.force
use.mask
use.stable.mask
use.stable.force
virtuals

/etc/portage/

bashrc
categories
color.map
license_groups
make.conf(5)
mirrors
modules
package.accept_keywords
package.accept_restrict
package.env
package.keywords
package.license
package.mask
package.properties
package.unmask
package.use
postsync.d
repo.postsync.d
repos.conf
sets.conf

/etc/portage/env/

package-specific bashrc files

/etc/portage/profile/

site-specific overrides of /etc/portage/make.profile/

/etc/portage/sets/

user-defined package sets

/usr/portage/

sets.conf

/usr/portage/metadata/

layout.conf
pkg_desc_index

/usr/portage/profiles/

arch.list
categories
info_pkgs
info_vars
license_groups
make.defaults
package.mask
package.unmask
package.use
package.use.force
package.use.mask
package.use.stable.force
package.use.stable.mask
profiles.desc
repo_name
thirdpartymirrors
use.desc
use.force
use.local.desc
use.mask
use.stable.mask
use.stable.force

/usr/share/portage/config/

make.globals
repos.conf
sets

/var/cache/edb/

misc internal cache files

/var/db/pkg/

database to track installed packages

/var/lib/portage/

config
world
world_sets

GLOSSARY

In the following sections, some terminology may be foreign to you or used with meaning specific to Portage. Please see the referenced manpages for more detailed explanations.

DEPEND atom

An atom is either of the form category/package or consists of an operator followed by category/package followed by a hyphen and a version specification. An atom might be suffixed by a slot specification.
More reading: ebuild(5)

Extended Atom Syntax
The following atom syntax extensions are only supported in user configuration files and command line arguments for programs such as emerge(1):

Repository Constraints

Atoms with repository constraints have a '::' separator appended to the right side, followed by a repository name. Each repository name should correspond to the value of a repo_name entry from one of the repositories that is configured in repos.conf file.

Examples:

# match sed from the 'gentoo' repository
sys-apps/sed::gentoo
# match kdelibs from the 'kde-testing' repository
kde-base/kdelibs::kde-testing
# match empathy from the 'gnome' repository
net-im/empathy::gnome

Wildcard Patterns

Atoms containing wildcard patterns are of the form category/package, where the special '*' wildcard character substitutes for an arbitrary number of normal characters. More than one '*' character is allowed, but not two next to each other.

Examples:

# match anything with a version containing 9999, which can be used in
# package.mask to prevent emerge --autounmask from selecting live ebuilds
=*/*-*9999*
# match anything with a version containing _beta
=*/*-*_beta*
# match anything from the 'sys-apps' category
sys-apps/*
# match packages named 'zlib' from any category
*/zlib
# match any package from a category that begins with 'net-'
net-*/*
# match any package name from any category
*/*
# match any package from the 'gentoo' repository
*/*::gentoo

KEYWORD

Each architecture has a unique KEYWORD.
More reading: ebuild(5)

virtual

A DEPEND atom that is part of the "virtual" category. They are used when different packages can satisfy a dependency and only one of them is needed.
More reading: ebuild(5)

SPECIFIC FILE DESCRIPTIONS

/etc/portage/make.profile/ or /etc/make.profile/

This is usually just a symlink to the correct profile in /usr/portage/profiles/. Since it is part of the portage tree, it may easily be updated/regenerated by running `emerge --sync`. It defines what a profile is (usually arch specific stuff). If you need a custom profile, then you should make your own make.profile directory and populate it. However, if you just wish to override some settings, use /etc/portage/profile/ (it supports all of the same file types that make.profile does, except parent). Do NOT edit the settings in make.profile because they WILL be lost with the next `emerge --sync`. If both /etc/portage/make.profile/ and /etc/make.profile/ exist, then /etc/portage/make.profile/ will be preferred.

Any file in this directory, directories of other profiles or top-level "profiles" directory that begins with "package." or "use." can be more than just a flat file. If it is a directory, then all the files in that directory will be sorted in ascending alphabetical order by file name and summed together as if it were a single file. Note that this behavior is only supported since portage-2.1.6.7, and it is not included in PMS at this time.

Example:

${repository_location}/profiles/package.mask/removals
${repository_location}/profiles/package.mask/testing

deprecated

The existence of this file marks a profile as deprecated, meaning it is not supported by Gentoo anymore. The first line must be the profile to which users are encouraged to upgrade, optionally followed by some instructions explaining how they can upgrade.

Example:

default-linux/x86/2005.0
# emerge -n '>=sys-apps/portage-2.0.51'
# rm -f /etc/portage/make.profile
# ln -s /usr/portage/profiles/default-linux/alpha/2005.0 /etc/portage/make.profile

eapi

The first line of this file specifies the EAPI to which files in the same directory conform. See ebuild(5) for information about EAPI and related features. Beginning with EAPI 5, new USE configuration files are supported: use.stable.mask, use.stable.force, package.use.stable.mask and package.use.stable.force. These files behave similarly to previously supported USE configuration files, except that they only influence packages that are merged due to a stable keyword.

If the eapi file does not exist, then the EAPI defaults to 0 unless the default has been overridden by a profile_eapi_when_unspecified setting inside metadata/layout.conf of the containing repository.

make.defaults

The profile default settings for Portage. The general format is described in make.conf(5). The make.defaults for your profile defines a few specific variables too:

ARCH: Architecture type (x86/ppc/hppa/etc...).
IUSE_IMPLICIT = [space delimited list of USE flags]: Defines implicit IUSE for ebuilds using EAPI 5 or later. Flags that come from USE_EXPAND or USE_EXPAND_UNPREFIXED variables do not belong in IUSE_IMPLICIT, since USE_EXPAND_VALUES_* variables are used to define implicit IUSE for those flags. See ebuild(5) for more information about IUSE.
USERLAND = GNU: Support BSD/cygwin/etc...
USE_EXPAND = [space delimited list of variable names]: Any variable listed here will be used to augment USE by inserting a new flag for every value in that variable, so USE_EXPAND="FOO" and FOO="bar bla" results in USE="foo_bar foo_bla".
USE_EXPAND_HIDDEN = [space delimited list of variable names]: Names of USE_EXPAND variables that should not be shown in the verbose merge list output of the emerge(1) command.
USE_EXPAND_IMPLICIT = [space delimited list of variable names]: Defines USE_EXPAND and USE_EXPAND_UNPREFIXED variables for which the corresponding USE flags may have implicit IUSE for ebuilds using EAPI 5 or later.
USE_EXPAND_UNPREFIXED = [space delimited list of variable names]: Any variable listed here will be used to augment USE by inserting a new flag for every value in that variable, so USE_EXPAND_UNPREFIXED="FOO" and FOO="bar bla" results in USE="bar bla".
USE_EXPAND_VALUES_ARCH = [space delimited list of ARCH values]: Defines ARCH values used to generate implicit IUSE for ebuilds using EAPI 5 or later.
USE_EXPAND_VALUES_ELIBC = [space delimited list of ELIBC values]: Defines ELIBC values used to generate implicit IUSE for ebuilds using EAPI 5 or later.
USE_EXPAND_VALUES_KERNEL = [space delimited list of KERNEL values]: Defines KERNEL values used to generate implicit IUSE for ebuilds using EAPI 5 or later.
USE_EXPAND_VALUES_USERLAND = [space delimited list of USERLAND values]: Defines USERLAND values used to generate implicit IUSE for ebuilds using EAPI 5 or later.
ELIBC = glibc: Support uClibc/BSD libc/etc...
PROFILE_ONLY_VARIABLES = ARCH: Prevent critical variables from being changed by the user in make.conf or the env.
PROFILE_ARCH: Distinguish machines classes that have the same ARCH. All sparc machines have ARCH=sparc but set this to either 'sparc32' or 'sparc64'.
BOOTSTRAP_USE: Special USE flags which may be needed when bootstrapping from stage1 to stage2.

packages

Provides the list of packages that compose the @system and @profile package sets. The motivation to have @profile separate from @system is that @system packages may have incomplete dependency specifications (due to long-standing Gentoo policy), and incomplete dependency specifications have deleterious effects on the ability of emerge to parallelize builds. So, unlike @system, packages included in @profile do not hurt emerge's ability to parallelize.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line
- packages to be added to the @system set begin with a *
- packages to be added to the @profile set do not begin with a *
- packages may only be added to the @profile set if the containing
  repository's layout.conf has 'profile-set' listed in the
  profile-formats field. Otherwise, packages that do not begin with
  '*' will simply be ignored for legacy reasons

Note: In a cascading profile setup, you can remove packages in children profiles which were added by parent profiles by prefixing the atom with a '-'. The '-*' wildcard discards all @system and @profile packages added by parent profiles.

Example:

# i am a comment !
# pull a version of glibc less than 2.3 into @system
*<sys-libs/glibc-2.3
# pull any version of bash into @system
*app-shells/bash
# pull a version of readline earlier than 4.2 into @system
*<sys-libs/readline-4.2
# pull vim into @profile
app-editors/vim

packages.build

A list of packages (one per line) that make up a stage1 tarball. Really only useful for stage builders.

package.bashrc

Per-package bashrc mechanism. Contains a list of bashrc files to be sourced before emerging a given atom. The bashrc files must be stored in bashrc/, in the profile directory.

Note:

- The bashrc files will be sourced after profile.bashrc for the same profile.
- profile-formats in metadata/layout.conf must contain profile-bashrcs for this
to be enabled.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments).
- one atom per line with space-delimited list of bashrc files.

Example:

# By setting INSTALL_MASK in bashrc/nostandardconf.conf, we can avoid installing
# the standard configuration and enable another package to install it.
net-misc/dhcp nostardardconf.conf

package.provided

A list of packages (one per line) that portage should assume have been provided. Useful for porting to non-Linux systems. Basically, it's a list that replaces the emerge --inject syntax.

For example, if you manage your own copy of a 2.6 kernel, then you can tell portage that 'sys-kernel/development-sources-2.6.7' is already taken care of and it should get off your back about it.

Portage will not attempt to update a package that is listed here unless another package explicitly requires a version that is newer than what has been listed. Dependencies that are satisfied by package.provided entries may cause installed packages satisfying equivalent dependencies to be removed by emerge(1) --depclean actions (see the ACTIONS section of the emerge(1) man page for more information).

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line
- relational operators are not allowed
- must include a version

Example:

# you take care of the kernel
sys-kernel/development-sources-2.6.7

# you installed your own special copy of QT
x11-libs/qt-3.3.0

# you have modular X but packages want monolithic
x11-base/xorg-x11-6.8

package.use.force and package.use.stable.force

Per-package USE flag forcing.

Note: In a cascading profile setup, you can remove USE flags in children profiles which were added by parent profiles by prefixing the flag with a '-'.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line with space-delimited USE flags

Example:

# force docs for GTK 2.x
=x11-libs/gtk+-2* doc
# unforce mysql support for QT
x11-libs/qt -mysql

package.use.mask and package.use.stable.mask

Per-package USE flag masks.

Note: In a cascading profile setup, you can remove USE flags in children profiles which were added by parent profiles by prefixing the flag with a '-'.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line with space-delimited USE flags

Example:

# mask docs for GTK 2.x
=x11-libs/gtk+-2* doc
# unmask mysql support for QT
x11-libs/qt -mysql

parent

This contains paths to the parent profiles (one per line). They may be either relative (to the location of the profile) or absolute. Most commonly this file contains '..' to indicate the directory above. Utilized only in cascading profiles.

When multiple parent profiles are specified, they are inherited in order from the first line to the last.

If layout.conf is new enough, you can also use the <repo>:<path> syntax. The <repo> is the same string as is stored in the repo_name file (or omitted to refer to the current repo), and <path> is a subdir starting at profiles/.

profile.bashrc

If needed, this file can be used to set up a special environment for ebuilds, different from the standard root environment. The syntax is the same as for any other bash script.

soname.provided

A list of sonames that portage should assume have been provided. This is useful for using portage to install binary packages on top of a base image which lacks /var/db/pkg for some reason (perhaps the image was assembled by another package manager, or by Linux From Scratch).

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- line begins with a multilib category
- multilib category is followed by one or more sonames
- only one multilib category is allowed per line
- prefixing an soname with a '-' will negate a parent profile setting

Example:

# provide libc and ld-linux sonames for x86_32 and x86_64 categories
x86_32 ld-linux.so.2 libc.so.6
x86_64 ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libc.so.6

use.force and use.stable.force

Some USE flags don't make sense to disable under certain conditions. Here we list forced flags.

Note: In a cascading profile setup, you can remove USE flags in children profiles which were added by parent profiles by prefixing the flag with a '-'.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one USE flag per line

use.mask and use.stable.mask

Some USE flags don't make sense on some archs (for example altivec on non-ppc or mmx on non-x86), or haven't yet been tested. Here we list the masked ones.

Note: In a cascading profile setup, you can remove USE flags in children profiles which were added by parent profiles by prefixing the flag with a '-'.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one USE flag per line

Example:

# mask doc
doc
# unmask mysql
-mysql

virtuals

The virtuals file controls default preferences for virtuals that are defined via the PROVIDE ebuild variable (see ebuild(5)). Since Gentoo now uses GLEP 37 virtuals instead of PROVIDE virtuals, the virtuals file is irrelevant for all Gentoo ebuilds. However, it is still possible for third-parties to distribute ebuilds that make use of PROVIDE.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one virtual and DEPEND atom base pair per line

Example:

# use net-mail/ssmtp as the default mta
virtual/mta           net-mail/ssmtp
# use app-dicts/aspell-en as the default dictionary
virtual/aspell-dict   app-dicts/aspell-en

/etc/portage/

Files in this directory including make.conf, repos.conf, and any file with a name that begins with "package." can be more than just a flat file. If it is a directory, then all the files in that directory will be sorted in ascending alphabetical order by file name and summed together as if it were a single file.

Example:

/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/common
/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/e17
/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/kde

bashrc

If needed, this file can be used to set up a special environment for ebuilds, different from the standard root environment. The syntax is the same as for any other bash script.

Additional package-specific bashrc files can be created in /etc/portage/env.

categories

A simple list of valid categories that may be used in repositories and PKGDIR (see make.conf(5)). This allows for custom categories to be created.

Format:

- one category per line

Example:

app-hackers
media-other

color.map

Contains variables customizing colors. See color.map(5).

make.conf

The global custom settings for Portage. See make.conf(5).

mirrors

Whenever portage encounters a mirror:// style URI it will look up the actual hosts here. If the mirror set is not found here, it will check the global mirrors file at /usr/portage/profiles/thirdpartymirrors. You may also set a special mirror type called "local". This list of mirrors will be checked before GENTOO_MIRRORS and will be used even if the package has RESTRICT="mirror" or RESTRICT="fetch".

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- mirror type followed by a list of hosts

Example:

# local private mirrors used only by my company
local ftp://192.168.0.3/mirrors/gentoo http://192.168.0.4/distfiles

# people in japan would want to use the japanese mirror first
sourceforge http://keihanna.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge

# people in tawain would want to use the local gnu mirror first
gnu ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/gnu/

modules

This file can be used to override the metadata cache implementation. In practice, portdbapi.auxdbmodule is the only variable that the user will want to override.

Example:

portdbapi.auxdbmodule = portage.cache.sqlite.database

After changing the portdbapi.auxdbmodule setting, it may be necessary to transfer or regenerate metadata cache. Users of the rsync tree need to run `emerge --metadata` if they have enabled FEATURES="metadata-transfer" in make.conf(5). In order to regenerate metadata for repositories not distributing pregenerated metadata cache, run `emerge --regen` (see emerge(1)). If you use something like the sqlite module and want to keep all metadata in that format alone (useful for querying), enable FEATURES="metadata-transfer" in make.conf(5).

package.accept_keywords and package.keywords

Per-package ACCEPT_KEYWORDS. Useful for mixing unstable packages in with a normally stable system or vice versa. This will allow ACCEPT_KEYWORDS to be augmented for a single package. If both package.accept_keywords and package.keywords are present, both of them will be used, and values from package.accept_keywords will override values from package.keywords. The package.accept_keywords file is intended to replace the package.keywords file, since profiles support a different form of package.keywords which modifies effective KEYWORDS (rather than ACCEPT_KEYWORDS).

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line followed by additional KEYWORDS
- lines without any KEYWORDS imply unstable host arch

Example:
# always use unstable libgd
media-libs/libgd ~x86
# only use stable mplayer
media-video/mplayer -~x86
# always use unstable netcat
net-analyzer/netcat

Note: In addition to the normal values from ACCEPT_KEYWORDS package.keywords supports three special tokens:

*  package is visible if it is stable on any architecture
~* package is visible if it is in testing on any architecture
** package is always visible (KEYWORDS are ignored completely)

Additional Note: If you encounter the -* KEYWORD, this indicates that the package is known to be broken on all systems which are not otherwise listed in KEYWORDS. For example, a binary only package which is built for x86 will look like:

games-fps/quake3-demo-1.11.ebuild:KEYWORDS="-* x86"

If you wish to accept this package anyways, then use one of the other keywords in your package.accept_keywords like this:

games-fps/quake3-demo x86

package.accept_restrict

This will allow ACCEPT_RESTRICT (see make.conf(5)) to be augmented for a single package.

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line followed by additional RESTRICT tokens

package.env

Per-package environment variable settings. Entries refer to environment files that are placed in the /etc/portage/env/ directory and have the same format as make.conf(5). Note that these files are interpreted much earlier than the package-specific bashrc files which are described in a later section about /etc/portage/env/. Beginners should be careful to recognize the difference between these two types of files. When environment variable settings are all that's needed, package.env is the recommended approach to use.

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line followed by name(s) of environment file(s)

Example:

# use environment variables from /etc/portage/env/glibc.conf for the glibc package
sys-libs/glibc glibc.conf

package.license

This will allow ACCEPT_LICENSE (see make.conf(5)) to be augmented for a single package.

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line followed by additional licenses or groups

package.mask

A list of package atoms to mask. Useful if specific versions of packages do not work well for you. For example, you swear by the Nvidia drivers, but only versions earlier than 1.0.4496. No problem!

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line

Example:

# mask out versions 1.0.4496 of the nvidia
# drivers and later
>=media-video/nvidia-kernel-1.0.4496
>=media-video/nvidia-glx-1.0.4496

package.properties

This will allow ACCEPT_PROPERTIES (see make.conf(5)) to be augmented for a single package.

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line followed by additional properties

package.unmask

Just like package.mask above, except here you list packages you want to unmask. Useful for overriding the global package.mask file (see above). Note that this does not override packages that are masked via KEYWORDS.

package.use

Per-package USE flags. Useful for tracking local USE flags or for enabling USE flags for certain packages only. Perhaps you develop GTK and thus you want documentation for it, but you don't want documentation for QT. Easy as pie my friend!

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line with space-delimited USE flags
- USE flags can be prefixed with USE_EXPAND name followed by a colon (:)
and a space. In this case, all the names following it are treated
as values for the USE_EXPAND. Note that if you need to remove earlier
assignments or defaults, you need to explicitly specify '-*'.

Example:

# turn on docs for GTK 2.x
=x11-libs/gtk+-2* doc
# disable mysql support for QT
x11-libs/qt -mysql
# set preferred video card for all packages
*/* VIDEO_CARDS: -* radeon

postsync.d/

This directory is for user supplied postsync hooks to be run once after all repositories have been synced. Each script is called in alphabetic order without any arguments.

repo.postsync.d/

This directory is for user supplied postsync hooks to be run once after each repository has been synced. Each script is called in alphabetic order with three arguments.

args:
repository name, sync-uri, location

Using this information it is possible for hooks to be run for only a certain repository. This way other update actions can be performed for that repository only.

repos.conf

Specifies site-specific repository configuration information.
Configuration specified in repos.conf can be overriden by PORTAGE_REPOSITORIES environmental variable, which has the same format as repos.conf.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- configuration of each repository is specified in a section starting with "[${repository_name}]"
- attributes are specified in "${attribute} = ${value}" format

Attributes supported in DEFAULT section:

main-repo: Specifies main repository.
eclass-overrides: Makes all repositories inherit eclasses from specified repositories.
Setting this attribute is generally not recommended since resulting changes in eclass inheritance may trigger performance issues due to invalidation of metadata cache.
When 'force = eclass-overrides' attribute is not set, egencache(1), emirrordist(1) and repoman(1) ignore this attribute, since operations performed by these tools are inherently not site-specific.
force: Specifies names of attributes, which should be forcefully respected by egencache(1), emirrordist(1) and repoman(1).
Valid values: aliases, eclass-overrides, masters

Attributes supported in sections of repositories:

aliases

Specifies aliases of given repository.
Setting this attribute is generally not recommended since resulting changes in eclass inheritance may trigger performance issues due to invalidation of metadata cache.
When 'force = aliases' attribute is not set, egencache(1), emirrordist(1) and repoman(1) ignore this attribute, since operations performed by these tools are inherently not site-specific.

auto-sync

This setting determines if the repo will be synced during "emerge --sync" or "emaint sync --auto" runs. This allows for repositories to be synced only when desired via "emaint sync --repo foo".
Valid values: yes, no, true, false.
If unset, the repo will be treated as set yes, true.

clone-depth

Specifies clone depth to use for DVCS repositories. Defaults to 1 (only the newest commit). If set to 0, the depth is unlimited.

eclass-overrides

Makes given repository inherit eclasses from specified repositories.
Setting this attribute is generally not recommended since resulting changes in eclass inheritance may trigger performance issues due to invalidation of metadata cache.
When 'force = eclass-overrides' attribute is not set, egencache(1), emirrordist(1) and repoman(1) ignore this attribute, since operations performed by these tools are inherently not site-specific.

force

Specifies names of attributes, which should be forcefully respected by egencache(1), emirrordist(1) and repoman(1).
Valid values: aliases, eclass-overrides, masters

location

Specifies location of given repository.

masters

Specifies master repositories of given repository.
Setting this attribute is generally not recommended since resulting changes in eclass inheritance may trigger performance issues due to invalidation of metadata cache.
When 'force = masters' attribute is not set, egencache(1), emirrordist(1) and repoman(1) ignore this attribute, since operations performed by these tools are inherently not site-specific.

priority

Specifies priority of given repository.

strict-misc-digests

This setting determines whether digests are checked for files declared in the Manifest with MISC type (includes ChangeLog and metadata.xml files). Defaults to true.
Valid values: true, false.

sync-cvs-repo

Specifies CVS repository.

sync-depth

This is a deprecated alias for the clone-depth option.

sync-git-clone-env

Set environment variables for git when cloning repository (git clone). This will override settings from sync-git-env.

Example:: sync-git-clone-env="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=$word 5 6"
Gives three variables "VAR1", "VAR2", "VAR3" with the values "word1 word2", "word3", "$word 5 6".

sync-git-clone-extra-opts

Extra options to give to git when cloning repository (git clone).

sync-git-env

Set environment variables for git when cloning or pulling the repository. These will be overridden by setting them again in sync-git-clone-env and sync-git-pull-env. See also example for sync-git-clone-env.

sync-git-pull-env

Set environment variables for git when updating repository (git pull). This will override settings from sync-git-env. See also example for sync-git-clone-env.

sync-git-pull-extra-opts

Extra options to give to git when updating repository (git pull).

sync-hooks-only-on-change

If set to true, then sync of a given repository will not trigger postsync hooks unless hooks would have executed for a master repository or the repository has changed since the previous sync operation.

sync-type

Specifies type of synchronization performed by `emerge --sync`.
Valid non-empty values: cvs, git, rsync, svn, webrsync (emerge-webrsync)
This attribute can be set to empty value to disable synchronization of given repository. Empty value is default.

sync-umask

Specifies umask used to synchronize the repository.
Takes an octal permission mask, e.g. 022.

sync-uri

Specifies URI of repository used for synchronization performed by `emerge --sync`.
This attribute can be set to empty value to disable synchronization of given repository. Empty value is default.

Syntax:

Examples:

: rsync://private-mirror.com/portage-module
rsync://rsync-user@private-mirror.com:873/gentoo-portage
ssh://ssh-user@192.168.0.1:22/usr/portage
ssh://ssh-user@192.168.0.1:22/\${HOME}/portage-storage

Note: For the ssh:// scheme, key-based authentication might be of interest.

sync-user

Specifies the credentials used to perform the synchronization.
Syntax: [user][:group]
If only user is provided, the primary group of the user will be used. If only group is provided, the current user will be preserved and only group id will be changed.
This key takes precedence over FEATURES=userpriv. If user or group id is provided, Portage no longer uses owner of the directory.

sync-rsync-extra-opts

Extra options to give to rsync on repository synchronization. It takes precedence over a declaration in [DEFAULT] section, that takes precedence over PORTAGE_RSYNC_EXTRA_OPTS.

sync-rsync-vcs-ignore = true|false

Ignore vcs directories that may be present in the repository. It is the user's responsibility to set sync-rsync-extra-opts to protect vcs directories if appropriate.

Example:

[DEFAULT]
# make gentoo the main repository, which makes it the default master
# repository for repositories that do not specify masters
main-repo = gentoo
# make all repositories inherit eclasses from the java-overlay and
# java-experimental repositories, with eclasses from java-experimental
# taking precedence over those from java-overlay
eclass-overrides = java-overlay java-experimental

[gentoo]
# repos with higher priorities are preferred when ebuilds with equal versions
# are found in multiple repos (see the `emerge --info --verbose` repo
# display for a listing of repos and their corresponding priorities).
priority = 9999
# disable all eclass overrides for ebuilds from the gentoo repository
eclass-overrides =
# when processing metadata/layout.conf from other repositories, substitute
# 'gentoo' in place of references to repositories named 'foo' and 'bar',
# and discard the 'baz' alias contained in gentoo's layout.conf
aliases = foo bar -baz

[kde-testing]
# override the metadata/layout.conf masters setting from the kde-testing repo
masters = gentoo kde

[python]
# override the metadata/layout.conf masters setting from the python repo,
# so that settings won't be inherited from those masters, and so that
# those master repos won't be required as dependencies (the user must
# ensure that any required dependencies such as eclasses are satisfied)
masters =

# Repository 'gentoo' synchronized using CVS
[gentoo]
location = /usr/portage
sync-type = cvs
sync-uri = :pserver:anonymous@anoncvs.gentoo.org:/var/cvsroot
sync-cvs-repo = gentoo-x86
auto-sync = yes

# Overlay 'voip' syncronized with layman's plug-in sync module
[voip]
location = /var/lib/layman/voip
sync-type = laymanator
sync-uri = git://anongit.gentoo.org/proj/voip.git
auto-sync = yes

sets.conf

A package set configuration file. Settings here override settings from /usr/portage/sets.conf and /usr/share/portage/config/sets. The format is described extensively in the Package Set Configuration section of the html documentation which is installed with portage when the "doc" USE flag is enabled.

Example:

[world]
class = portage.sets.base.DummyPackageSet
packages = @profile @selected @system

[usersets]
class = portage.sets.files.StaticFileSet
multiset = true
directory =  %(PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT)setc/portage/sets
world-candidate = True

[module-rebuild]
class = portage.sets.dbapi.OwnerSet
files = /lib/modules

/etc/portage/env/

In this directory additional package-specific bashrc files can be created. Note that if package-specific environment variable settings are all that's needed, then /etc/portage/package.env should be used instead of the bashrc approach that is described here. Also note that special variables such as FEATURES and INSTALL_MASK will not produce the intended results if they are set in bashrc, and therefore /etc/portage/package.env should be used instead. Lastly, note that these files are interpreted much later than the portage environment file package.env.

Portage will source all of these bashrc files after /etc/portage/bashrc in the following order:

step].: /etc/portage/env/${CATEGORY}/${PN}
step].: /etc/portage/env/${CATEGORY}/${PN}:${SLOT}
step].: /etc/portage/env/${CATEGORY}/${P}
step].: /etc/portage/env/${CATEGORY}/${PF}

/etc/portage/sets/

: For each file in this directory, a package set is created with its name corresponding to the name of the file. Each file should contain a list of package atoms and nested package sets, one per line. When a package set is referenced as an emerge(1) argument or when it is referenced as a nested package set (inside of another package set), the set name is prefixed with @.
Also see /var/lib/portage/world_sets and the emerge(1) --list-sets option.

/usr/portage/

sets.conf: A package set configuration file. Also see /etc/portage/sets.conf which overrides these settings, and /usr/share/portage/config/sets which contains default settings.

/usr/portage/metadata/

layout.conf

Specifies information about the repository layout. Site-specific overrides to layout.conf settings may be specified in /etc/portage/repos.conf. Settings in repos.conf take precedence over settings in layout.conf, except tools such as repoman(1) and egencache(1) ignore "aliases", "eclass-overrides" and "masters" attributes set in repos.conf since their operations are inherently not site-specific.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- attributes are specified in "${attribute} = ${value}" format

Supported attributes.

aliases: Behaves like an "aliases" attribute in repos.conf.
eapis-banned: List of EAPIs which are not allowed in this repo.
eapis-deprecated: List of EAPIs which are allowed but generate warnings when used.
masters: Names of repositories which satisfy dependencies on eclasses and from which settings specified in various repository-level files (package.mask, package.use.mask, use.mask etc.) are inherited. Each repository name should correspond to the value of a repo_name entry from one of the repositories that is configured in repos.conf file. Repositories listed toward the right of the masters list take precedence over those listed toward the left of the list.
repo-name = <value of profiles/repo_name>: The name of this repository (overrides profiles/repo_name if it exists).
sign-commits = [true|false]: Boolean value whether we should sign commits in this repo.
sign-manifests = [true|false]: Boolean value whether we should sign Manifest files in this repo.
thin-manifests = [true|false]: Boolean value whether Manifest files contain only DIST entries.
use-manifests = [strict|true|false]: How Manifest files get used. Possible values are "strict" (require an entry for every file), "true" (if an entry exists for a file, enforce it), or "false" (don't check Manifest files at all).
manifest-hashes: List of hashes to generate/check in Manifest files. Valid hashes depend on the current version of portage; see the portage.const.MANIFEST2_HASH_FUNCTIONS constant for the current list.
update-changelog = [true|false]: The default setting for repoman's --echangelog option.
cache-formats = [pms] [md5-dict]: The cache formats supported in the metadata tree. There is the old "pms" format and the newer/faster "md5-dict" format. Default is to detect dirs.
profile_eapi_when_unspecified: The EAPI to use for profiles when unspecified. This attribute is supported only if profile-default-eapi is included in profile-formats.
profile-formats = [pms] [portage-1] [portage-2] [profile-bashrcs] [profile-set] [profile-default-eapi] [build-id]: Control functionality available to profiles in this repo such as which files may be dirs, or the syntax available in parent files. Use "portage-2" if you're unsure. The default is "portage-1-compat" mode which is meant to be compatible with old profiles, but is not allowed to be opted into directly. Setting profile-bashrcs will enable the per-profile bashrc mechanism package.bashrc. Setting profile-set enables support for using the profile packages file to add atoms to the @profile package set. See the profile packages section for more information. Setting profile-default-eapi enables support for the profile_eapi_when_unspecified attribute. Setting build-id allows dependency atoms in the profile to refer to specific builds (see the binpkg-multi-instance FEATURES setting in make.conf(5)). A build-id atom is identical to a version-specific atom, except that the version is followed by a hyphen and an integer build-id.

Example:

# Specify the repository name (overriding profils/repo_name).
repo-name = foo-overlay

# eclasses provided by java-overlay take precedence over identically named
# eclasses that are provided by gentoo
masters = gentoo java-overlay

# indicate that this repo can be used as a substitute for foo-overlay
aliases = foo-overlay

# indicate that ebuilds with the specified EAPIs are banned
eapis-banned = 0 1

# indicate that ebuilds with the specified EAPIs are deprecated
eapis-deprecated = 2 3

# sign commits in this repo, which requires Git >=1.7.9, and
# key configured by `git config user.signingkey key_id`
sign-commits = true

# do not sign Manifest files in this repo
sign-manifests = false

# Manifest files only contain DIST entries
thin-manifests = true

# indicate that this repo requires manifests for each package, and is
# considered a failure if a manifest file is missing/incorrect
use-manifests = strict

# customize the set of hashes generated for Manifest entries
manifest-hashes = SHA256 SHA512 WHIRLPOOL

# indicate that this repo enables repoman's --echangelog=y option automatically
update-changelog = true

# indicate that this repo contains both md5-dict and pms cache formats,
# which may be generated by egencache(1)
cache-formats = md5-dict pms

# indicate that this repo contains profiles that may use directories for
# package.mask, package.provided, package.use, package.use.force,
# package.use.mask, package.use.stable.force, package.use.stable.mask,
# use.force, use.mask, use.stable.force, and use.stable.mask.
# profile-formats = portage-1
# indicate that paths such as 'gentoo:targets/desktop' or ':targets/desktop' in
# profile parent files can be used to express paths relative to the root
# 'profiles' directory of a repository (when the repo name is omitted before
# the colon, it refers to the current repository the parent file is inside)
profile-formats = portage-2

pkg_desc_index

This is an index of package names, versions, and descriptions which may be generated by egencache(1) in order to optimize emerge(1) search actions.

Example:

sys-apps/sed 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.1-r1 4.2.2: Super-useful stream editor
sys-apps/usleep 0.1: A wrapper for usleep

/usr/portage/profiles/

Global Gentoo settings that are controlled by the developers. To override these settings, you can use the files in /etc/portage/.

arch.list

A list of all valid KEYWORDS. This does not include modifiers.

Format:

- one KEYWORD per line

Example:

x86
ppc
sparc

categories

A simple list of valid categories that may be used in repositories and PKGDIR (see make.conf(5)).

Format:

- one category per line

Example:

app-admin
dev-lang
games-strategy
sys-kernel

info_pkgs

A list of all the packages which will be displayed when you run `emerge info`.

info_vars

A list of all the variables which will be displayed when you run `emerge info`.

license_groups

This contains groups of licenses that may be specifed in the ACCEPT_LICENSE variable (see make.conf(5)). Refer to GLEP 23 for further information: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GLEP:23.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one group name, followed by list of licenses and nested groups
- nested groups are prefixed with the '@' symbol

Example:

# The FSF-APPROVED group includes the entire GPL-COMPATIBLE group and more.
FSF-APPROVED @GPL-COMPATIBLE Apache-1.1 BSD-4 MPL-1.0 MPL-1.1
# The GPL-COMPATIBLE group includes all licenses compatible with the GNU GPL.
GPL-COMPATIBLE Apache-2.0 BSD BSD-2 GPL-2 GPL-3 LGPL-2.1 LGPL-3 X11 ZLIB

package.accept_keywords

Per-package ACCEPT_KEYWORDS for profiles. This has the same format and behavior as /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords, including the ability to list atoms without any keywords in order to accept unstable variants of all stable keywords listed in ACCEPT_KEYWORDS.

package.keywords

Per-profile KEYWORDS. Useful for cases in which the effective KEYWORDS of a given package should vary depending on which profile the user has selected.

Format:

- comment lines begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line followed by additional KEYWORDS

Example:

# add stable keyword to libgd
media-libs/libgd x86
# remove stable keyword from mplayer and add unstable keyword
media-video/mplayer -x86 ~x86
# remove all keywords from netcat
net-analyzer/netcat -*

package.mask

This contains a list of DEPEND atoms for packages that should not be installed in any profile. Useful for adding the latest KDE betas and making sure no one accidentally upgrades to them. Also useful for quickly masking specific versions due to security issues. ALWAYS include a comment explaining WHY the package has been masked and WHO is doing the masking.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one DEPEND atom per line

Example:

# masked for security reasons
<sys-libs/zlib-1.1.4
# <caleb@gentoo.org> (10 Sep 2003)
# new kde betas
=kde-base/kde-3.2.0_beta1
=kde-base/kdeaccessibility-3.2.0_beta1

profiles.desc

List all the current stable and development profiles. If a profile is listed here, then it will be checked by repoman. Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- one profile list per line in format: arch dir status
- arch must be listed in arch.list
- dir is relative to profiles.desc
- status must be 'stable', 'dev', or 'exp'

Example:

alpha        default/linux/alpha/10.0    stable
m68k         default/linux/m68k/10.0     dev
x86          default/linux/x86/10.0      stable
x86-linux    prefix/linux/x86            exp

repo_name

The first line of the file should define a unique repository name. The name may contain any of the characters [A-Za-z0-9_-]. It must not begin with a hyphen. If the repo-name attribute is specified in layout.conf, then that setting will take precedence.

thirdpartymirrors

Controls the mapping of mirror:// style URIs to actual lists of mirrors. Keeps us from overloading a single server.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- mirror type followed by a list of hosts

Example:

sourceforge http://aleron.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge http://unc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge

gentoo http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/gentoo/distfiles/ ftp://ftp.gtlib.cc.gatech.edu/pub/gentoo/distfiles

kernel https://www.kernel.org/pub https://www.us.kernel.org/pub

use.desc

All global USE flags must be listed here with a description of what they do.

Format:

- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- use flag - some description

Example:

3dfx - Adds support for 3dfx video cards
acl - Adds support for Access Control Lists
doc - Adds extra documentation

use.local.desc

All local USE flags are listed here along with the package and a description. This file is automatically generated from the metadata.xml files that are included with each individual package. Refer to GLEP 56 for further information: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GLEP:56.

Format:
- comments begin with # (no inline comments)
- package:use flag - description

Example:
app-editors/nano:justify - Toggles the justify option
dev-libs/DirectFB:fusion - Adds Multi Application support
games-emulation/xmess:net - Adds network support

/usr/share/portage/config/

make.globals: The global default settings for Portage. This comes from the portage package itself. Settings in make.conf or package.env override values set here. The format is described extensively in make.conf(5).
repos.conf: The default configuration of repositories for Portage. This comes from the portage package itself. Settings in /etc/portage/repos.conf override values set here. The format is described extensively in section for /etc/portage/repos.conf.
sets: A directory containing package set configuration files. Also see /etc/portage/sets.conf and /usr/portage/sets.conf, both of which override values set here. Default set configurations are installed in /usr/share/portage/config/sets/portage.conf.

/var/cache/edb/

: This directory is used to store internal portage cache files. The names and purpose of these files are not documented on purpose so as to keep down bitrot as internals change. If you aren't working on portage internally, then the details most likely do not matter to you.
This entire directory can be safely deleted. It is highly recommended you do not do this however as it can be a time consuming process to generate them all again.

/var/db/pkg/

All installed package information is recorded here. If portage thinks you have a package installed, it is usually because it is listed here.

The format follows somewhat closely that of the portage tree. There is a directory for each category and a package-version subdirectory for each package you have installed.

Inside each package directory are misc files that describe the installed contents of the package as well as build time information (so that the package can be unmerged without needing the portage tree).

The exact file contents and format are not described here again so that things can be changed quickly. Generally though there is one file per environment variable that "matters" (like CFLAGS) with the contents stored inside of it. Another common file is the CONTENTS file which lists the path and hashes of all objects that the package installed onto your system.

PROVIDES

Contains information about the sonames that a package provides, which is automatically generated from the files that it installs. The sonames may have been filtered by the PROVIDES_EXCLUDE ebuild(5) variable. A multilib category, followed by a colon, always preceeds a list of one or more sonames.

Example:

x86_32: libcom_err.so.2 libss.so.2 x86_64: libcom_err.so.2 libss.so.2

REQUIRES

Contains information about the sonames that a package requires, which is automatically generated from the files that it installs. The sonames may have been filtered by the REQUIRES_EXCLUDE ebuild(5) variable. Any sonames that a package provides are automatically excluded from REQUIRES. A multilib category, followed by a colon, always preceeds a list of one or more sonames.

Example:

x86_32: ld-linux.so.2 libc.so.6 x86_64: ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libc.so.6

/var/lib/portage/

config

Hashes which are used to determine whether files in config protected directories have been modified since being installed. Files which have not been modified will automatically be unmerged.

world

Every time you emerge a package, the package that you requested is recorded here. Then when you run `emerge world -up`, the list of packages is read from this file. Note that this does not mean that the packages that were installed as dependencies are listed here. For example, if you run `emerge mod_wsgi` and you do not have apache already, then "www-apache/mod_wsgi" is recorded in the world file but "www-servers/apache" is not. For more information, review emerge(1).

Format:

- one DEPEND atom base per line

Example:

games-misc/fortune-mod-gentoo-dev
dev-libs/uclibc
app-cdr/cdemu

world_sets

This is like the world file but instead of package atoms it contains packages sets which always begin with the @ character. Use /etc/portage/sets/ to define user package sets.

Example:

@kde

REPORTING BUGS

Please report bugs via https://bugs.gentoo.org/

AUTHORS

Marius Mauch <genone@gentoo.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Drake Wyrm <wyrm@haell.com>
Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis <arfrever@apache.org>

www.LinuxHowtos.org

PORTAGE

NAME

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

GLOSSARY

SPECIFIC FILE DESCRIPTIONS

REPORTING BUGS

AUTHORS

SEE ALSO

Index