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S_CLIENT

Section: OpenSSL (1)
Updated: 2017-05-25
Index Return to Main Contents

NAME

s_client - SSL/TLS client program

SYNOPSIS

openssl s_client [-connect host:port] [-servername name] [-verify depth] [-verify_return_error] [-cert filename] [-certform DER|PEM] [-key filename] [-keyform DER|PEM] [-pass arg] [-CApath directory] [-CAfile filename] [-no_alt_chains] [-reconnect] [-pause] [-showcerts] [-debug] [-msg] [-nbio_test] [-state] [-nbio] [-crlf] [-ign_eof] [-no_ign_eof] [-quiet] [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [-no_ssl2] [-no_ssl3] [-no_tls1] [-no_tls1_1] [-no_tls1_2] [-fallback_scsv] [-bugs] [-sigalgs sigalglist] [-curves curvelist] [-cipher cipherlist] [-serverpref] [-starttls protocol] [-engine id] [-tlsextdebug] [-no_ticket] [-sess_out filename] [-sess_in filename] [-rand file(s)] [-serverinfo types] [-status] [-alpn protocols] [-nextprotoneg protocols]

DESCRIPTION

The s_client command implements a generic SSL/TLS client which connects to a remote host using SSL/TLS. It is a very useful diagnostic tool for SSL servers.

OPTIONS

-connect host:port

This specifies the host and optional port to connect to. If not specified then an attempt is made to connect to the local host on port 4433.

-servername name

Set the TLS SNI (Server Name Indication) extension in the ClientHello message.

-cert certname

The certificate to use, if one is requested by the server. The default is not to use a certificate.

-certform format

The certificate format to use: DER or PEM. PEM is the default.

-key keyfile

The private key to use. If not specified then the certificate file will be used.

-keyform format

The private format to use: DER or PEM. PEM is the default.

-pass arg

the private key password source. For more information about the format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl(1).

-verify depth

The verify depth to use. This specifies the maximum length of the server certificate chain and turns on server certificate verification. Currently the verify operation continues after errors so all the problems with a certificate chain can be seen. As a side effect the connection will never fail due to a server certificate verify failure.

-verify_return_error

Return verification errors instead of continuing. This will typically abort the handshake with a fatal error.

-CApath directory

The directory to use for server certificate verification. This directory must be in ``hash format'', see verify for more information. These are also used when building the client certificate chain.

-CAfile file

A file containing trusted certificates to use during server authentication and to use when attempting to build the client certificate chain.

-purpose, -ignore_critical, -issuer_checks, -crl_check, -crl_check_all, -policy_check, -extended_crl, -x509_strict, -policy -check_ss_sig -no_alt_chains

Set various certificate chain valiadition option. See the verify manual page for details.

-reconnect

reconnects to the same server 5 times using the same session ID, this can be used as a test that session caching is working.

-pause

pauses 1 second between each read and write call.

-showcerts

display the whole server certificate chain: normally only the server certificate itself is displayed.

-prexit

print session information when the program exits. This will always attempt to print out information even if the connection fails. Normally information will only be printed out once if the connection succeeds. This option is useful because the cipher in use may be renegotiated or the connection may fail because a client certificate is required or is requested only after an attempt is made to access a certain URL. Note: the output produced by this option is not always accurate because a connection might never have been established.

-state

prints out the SSL session states.

-debug

print extensive debugging information including a hex dump of all traffic.

-msg

show all protocol messages with hex dump.

-nbio_test

tests non-blocking I/O

-nbio

turns on non-blocking I/O

-crlf

this option translated a line feed from the terminal into CR+LF as required by some servers.

-ign_eof

inhibit shutting down the connection when end of file is reached in the input.

-quiet

inhibit printing of session and certificate information. This implicitly turns on -ign_eof as well.

-no_ign_eof

shut down the connection when end of file is reached in the input. Can be used to override the implicit -ign_eof after -quiet.

-psk_identity identity

Use the PSK identity identity when using a PSK cipher suite.

-psk key

Use the PSK key key when using a PSK cipher suite. The key is given as a hexadecimal number without leading 0x, for example -psk 1a2b3c4d.

-ssl2, -ssl3, -tls1, -tls1_1, -tls1_2, -no_ssl2, -no_ssl3, -no_tls1, -no_tls1_1, -no_tls1_2

These options require or disable the use of the specified SSL or TLS protocols. By default the initial handshake uses a version-flexible method which will negotiate the highest mutually supported protocol version.

-fallback_scsv

Send TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV in the ClientHello.

-bugs

there are several known bug in SSL and TLS implementations. Adding this option enables various workarounds.

-sigalgs sigalglist

Specifies the list of signature algorithms that are sent by the client. The server selects one entry in the list based on its preferences. For example strings, see SSL_CTX_set1_sigalgs(3)

-curves curvelist

Specifies the list of supported curves to be sent by the client. The curve is is ultimately selected by the server. For a list of all curves, use:

    $ openssl ecparam -list_curves

-cipher cipherlist

this allows the cipher list sent by the client to be modified. Although the server determines which cipher suite is used it should take the first supported cipher in the list sent by the client. See the ciphers command for more information.

-serverpref

use the server's cipher preferences; only used for SSLV2.

-starttls protocol

send the protocol-specific message(s) to switch to TLS for communication. protocol is a keyword for the intended protocol. Currently, the only supported keywords are ``smtp'', ``pop3'', ``imap'', and ``ftp''.

-tlsextdebug

print out a hex dump of any TLS extensions received from the server.

-no_ticket

disable RFC4507bis session ticket support.

-sess_out filename

output SSL session to filename

-sess_in sess.pem

load SSL session from filename. The client will attempt to resume a connection from this session.

-engine id

specifying an engine (by its unique id string) will cause s_client to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms.

-rand file(s)

a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator, or an EGD socket (see RAND_egd(3)). Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all others.

-serverinfo types

a list of comma-separated TLS Extension Types (numbers between 0 and 65535). Each type will be sent as an empty ClientHello TLS Extension. The server's response (if any) will be encoded and displayed as a PEM file.

-status

sends a certificate status request to the server (OCSP stapling). The server response (if any) is printed out.

-alpn protocols, -nextprotoneg protocols

these flags enable the Enable the Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation or Next Protocol Negotiation extension, respectively. ALPN is the IETF standard and replaces NPN. The protocols list is a comma-separated protocol names that the client should advertise support for. The list should contain most wanted protocols first. Protocol names are printable ASCII strings, for example ``http/1.1'' or ``spdy/3''. Empty list of protocols is treated specially and will cause the client to advertise support for the TLS extension but disconnect just after reciving ServerHello with a list of server supported protocols.

CONNECTED COMMANDS

If a connection is established with an SSL server then any data received from the server is displayed and any key presses will be sent to the server. When used interactively (which means neither -quiet nor -ign_eof have been given), the session will be renegotiated if the line begins with an R, and if the line begins with a Q or if end of file is reached, the connection will be closed down.

NOTES

s_client can be used to debug SSL servers. To connect to an SSL HTTP server the command:

 openssl s_client -connect servername:443

would typically be used (https uses port 443). If the connection succeeds then an HTTP command can be given such as ``GET /'' to retrieve a web page.

If the handshake fails then there are several possible causes, if it is nothing obvious like no client certificate then the -bugs, -ssl2, -ssl3, -tls1, -no_ssl2, -no_ssl3, -no_tls1 options can be tried in case it is a buggy server. In particular you should play with these options before submitting a bug report to an OpenSSL mailing list.

A frequent problem when attempting to get client certificates working is that a web client complains it has no certificates or gives an empty list to choose from. This is normally because the server is not sending the clients certificate authority in its ``acceptable CA list'' when it requests a certificate. By using s_client the CA list can be viewed and checked. However some servers only request client authentication after a specific URL is requested. To obtain the list in this case it is necessary to use the -prexit option and send an HTTP request for an appropriate page.

If a certificate is specified on the command line using the -cert option it will not be used unless the server specifically requests a client certificate. Therefor merely including a client certificate on the command line is no guarantee that the certificate works.

If there are problems verifying a server certificate then the -showcerts option can be used to show the whole chain.

Since the SSLv23 client hello cannot include compression methods or extensions these will only be supported if its use is disabled, for example by using the -no_sslv2 option.

The s_client utility is a test tool and is designed to continue the handshake after any certificate verification errors. As a result it will accept any certificate chain (trusted or not) sent by the peer. None test applications should not do this as it makes them vulnerable to a MITM attack. This behaviour can be changed by with the -verify_return_error option: any verify errors are then returned aborting the handshake.

BUGS

Because this program has a lot of options and also because some of the techniques used are rather old, the C source of s_client is rather hard to read and not a model of how things should be done. A typical SSL client program would be much simpler.

The -prexit option is a bit of a hack. We should really report information whenever a session is renegotiated.