cronolog

Section: Misc. Reference Manual Pages (1m)
Updated: March 1998
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NAME

cronolog - write log messages to log files named according to a template

SYNOPSIS

cronolog [OPTION]... template

DESCRIPTION

cronolog is a simple program that reads log messages from its input and writes them to a set of output files, the names of which are constructed using template and the current date and time. The template uses the same format specifiers as the Unix date(1) command (which are the same as the standard C strftime library function).

Before writing a message cronolog checks the time to see whether the current log file is still valid and if not it closes the current file, expands the template using the current date and time to generate a new file name, opens the new file (creating missing directories on the path of the new log file as needed unless the program is compiled with -DDONT_CREATE_SUBDIRS) and calculates the time at which the new file will become invalid.

cronolog is intended to be used in conjunction with a Web server, such as Apache to split the access log into daily or monthly logs. For example the Apache configuration directives:

TransferLog "|/www/sbin/cronolog /www/logs/%Y/%m/%d/access.log"
ErrorLog "|/www/sbin/cronolog /www/logs/%Y/%m/%d/errors.log"

would instruct Apache to pipe its access and error log messages into separate copies of cronolog, which would create new log files each day in a directory hierarchy structured by date, i.e. on 31 December 1996 messages would be written to

/www/logs/1996/12/31/access.log
/www/logs/1996/12/31/errors.log after midnight the files

/www/logs/1997/01/01/access.log
/www/logs/1997/01/01/errors.log would be used, with the directories 1997, 1997/01 and 1997/01/01 being created if they did not already exist. (Note that prior to version 1.2 Apache did not allow a program to be specified as the argument of the ErrorLog directive.)

Options

accepts the following options and arguments:

-H NAME
--hardlink=NAME: maintain a hard link from NAME to the current log file.
-S NAME
--symlink=NAME
-l NAME
--link=NAME: maintain a symbolic link from NAME to the current log file.
-P NAME
--prev-symlink=NAME: maintain a symbolic link from NAME to the previous log file. Requires that the --symlink option is specified, as cronolog renames the current link to the name specified for the previous link.
-h
--help: print a help message and then exit.
-u USER
--set-uid=USER: sets the user ID of the cronolog process before any logs are opened. USER can be a username or a numeric user ID. If USER contains solely digits, it will be assumed to be a numeric user ID; otherwise, it will be assumed to be a username.
-g GROUP
--set-gid=GROUP: sets the group ID of the cronolog process before any logs are opened. GROUP can be a group name or a numeric group ID. If GROUP contains solely digits, it will be assumed to be a numeric group ID; otherwise, it will be assumed to be a group name.
-p PERIOD
--period=PERIOD: specifies the period explicitly as an optional digit string followed by one of units: seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks or months. The count cannot be greater than the number of units in the next larger unit, i.e. you cannot specify "120 minutes", and for seconds, minutes and hours the count must be a factor of the next higher unit, i.e you can specify 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, 20 or 30 minutes but not say 7 minutes.
-d PERIOD
--delay=PERIOD: specifies the delay from the start of the period before the log file is rolled over. For example specifying (explicitly or implicitly) a period of 15 minutes and a delay of 5 minutes results in the log files being rotated at five past, twenty past, twentyfive to and ten to each hour. The delay cannot be longer than the period.
-o
--once-only: create single output log from template, which is not rotated.
-x FILE
--debug=FILE: write debug messages to FILE or to the standard error stream if FILE is "-". (See the README file for more details.)
-s TIME
--start-time=TIME: pretend that the starting time is TIME (for debugging purposes). TIME should be something like DD MONTH YYYY HH:MM:SS (the day and month are reversed if the american option is specified). If the seconds are omitted then they are taken as zero and if the hours and minutes are omitted then the time of day is taken as 00:00:00 (i.e. midnight). The day, month and year can be separated by spaces, hyphens (-) or solidi (/).
-a
--american: Interprete the date part of the starting time the American way (month then day).
-e
--european: Interprete the date part of the starting time the European way (day then month). This is the default.
-v
--version: print version information and exit.

Template format

Each character in the template represents a character in the expanded filename, except for date and time format specifiers, which are replaced by their expansion. Format specifiers consist of a `%' followed by one of the following characters:

%: a literal % character
n: a new-line character
t: a horizontal tab character

Time fields:

H: hour (00..23)
I: hour (01..12)
p: the locale's AM or PM indicator
M: minute (00..59)
S: second (00..61, which allows for leap seconds)
X: the locale's time representation (e.g.: "15:12:47")
Z: time zone (e.g. GMT), or nothing if the time zone cannot be determined

Date fields:

a: the locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g.: Sun..Sat)
A: the locale's full weekday name (e.g.: Sunday .. Saturday)
b: the locale's abbreviated month name (e.g.: Jan .. Dec)
B: the locale's full month name, (e.g.: January .. December)
c: the locale's date and time (e.g.: "Sun Dec 15 14:12:47 GMT 1996")
d: day of month (01 .. 31)
j: day of year (001 .. 366)
m: month (01 .. 12)
U: week of the year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53, where week 1 is the week containing the first Sunday of the year)
W: week of the year with Monday as first day of week (00..53, where week 1 is the week containing the first Monday of the year)
w: day of week (0 .. 6, where 0 corresponds to Sunday)
x: locale's date representation (e.g. today in April in Britain: "13/04/97")
y: year without the century (00 .. 99)
Y: year with the century (1970 .. 2038) Other specifiers may be available depending on the C library's implementation of the strftime function.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

The functionality of cronolog could be built into Apache, thus saving the overhead of having a process per log stream and that of transferring data from the server process to the cronolog process. The main complication is handling the case where multiple log streams are written to the same file (template), for example where different virtual servers write to the same set of log files.